Some very old changes commited now.

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -12,9 +12,6 @@
 
     "C_Cpp.default.includePath": ["src/kernel/include", "sysroot/usr/include"],
     "C_Cpp.default.cStandard": "c17",
-    "files.associations": {
-        "cpu.h": "c"
-    },
     "[c]": {
         "editor.tabSize": 2,
     },

Makefile

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ endif
 
 musllib: $(SYSROOT)/usr/lib/libc.a
 $(SYSROOT)/usr/lib/libc.a:
-	${BUILDROOT}/toolchain/build-musl.sh
+	$(BUILDROOT)/toolchain/ports/musl/build.sh
 
 libmittos: $(SYSROOT)/usr/lib/libmittos.a
 $(SYSROOT)/usr/lib/libmittos.a: FORCE
@@ -46,4 +46,7 @@ distclean:
 	$(MAKE) clean
 	rm -rf $(SYSROOT)
 
+love: FORCE
+	@echo Not war?
+
 .PHONY: all dist sysroot FORCE

TODO

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+Roadmap:
+    ✔ Higher half booting in long mode
+    ✔ Virtual memory management
+    ☐ Physical memory manager
+        ✔ Single page
+        ☐ Multiple page blocks
+    ☐ Multithreading
+        ✔ Task switching
+        ✔ Separate address spaces
+        ☐ Forking?
+    ☐ SSE
+        ✔ Enable SSE instructions
+        ✔ Save SSE registers on task switch
+    ☐ Symmetric multiprocessing
+    ☐ User mode code execution
+        ☐ Syscall interface
+    ☐ Decide kernel architecture
+        - Monolitic kernel?
+        - Microkernel?
+
+Documentation:
+    ✔ Toolchain
+    ✔ Booting
+    ✔ Memory management
+    ✔ Libc in kernel space
+    ✔ ACPI tables
+    ✔ APIC, IOAPIC, APIC timer
+    ☐ SSE
+    ☐ Framebuffer
+    
+
+https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/

documentation/6 - apic.md

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 > - [PIC data sheet](http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.828/2005/readings/hardware/8259A.pdf)
 > - [IOAPIC data sheet](http://web.archive.org/web/20161130153145/http://download.intel.com/design/chipsets/datashts/29056601.pdf)
+
 The Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC) is not to be confused with (ACPI).
 
 It's quite literally an upgrade to the legacy PIC and handles hardware interrupts and IRQs.
@@ -16,8 +17,8 @@ This contains the IDT entry number for the spurious interupt handler (`0xFF`) an
 To test that the APIC works, an interrupt can be triggered by writing to the APIC Interrupt Command Registers.
 
 ```c
-*(uint32_t *)P2V(APIC_BASE + 0x310)) = 0;
-*(uint32_t *)P2V(APIC_BASE + 0x300)) = 0x50;
+*(uint32_t *)P2V(APIC_BASE + 0x310) = 0;
+*(uint32_t *)P2V(APIC_BASE + 0x300) = 0x50;
 ```
 
 This should fire interrupt 0x50.
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ static void ioapic_write(int reg, uint32_t value) {
 In order to know where to redirect an interrupt the IOAPIC looks into its I/O Redirection Table. This can be set up by writing to some registers.
 While IOWIN is 32 bits wide, each IOREDTBL entry is 64 bits, so two read or write operations are required to register `0x10 + 2*IRQ` and `0x11 + 2*IRQ`.
 
-```
+```c
 static uint64_t ioapic_read_redirection(int irq) {
     union iored retval;
     retval.l = ioapic_read(0x10 + 2*irq);
@@ -170,9 +171,9 @@ The APIC timer can be set up in periodic mode to fire an interrupt every set num
 Then set the Timer Mode bit to Periodic and write an interrupt vector to the Local Vector Table entry for the APIC Timer:
 
 ```c
-*(uint32_t *)P2V(APIC_BASE + 0x3E0)) = 0xB;
-*(uint32_t *)P2V(APIC_BASE + 0x380)) = microseconds * calibration_factor;
-*(uint32_t *)P2V(APIC_BASE + 0x320)) = 1<<17 | timer_interrupt;
+*(uint32_t *)P2V(APIC_BASE + 0x3E0) = 0xB;
+*(uint32_t *)P2V(APIC_BASE + 0x380) = microseconds * calibration_factor;
+*(uint32_t *)P2V(APIC_BASE + 0x320) = 1<<17 | timer_interrupt;
 ```
 
 Since the cpu bus clock varies from machine to machine, the `calibration_factor` needs to be calculated or measured. A simple measurement method is as follows:
@@ -188,9 +189,9 @@ The APIC timer is monotonically decreasing and triggers when it reaches zero, so
 Setting the divisor, masking its interrupt and setting the initual count will start it counting down immediately:
 
 ```c
-*(uint32_t *)P2V(APIC_BASE + 0x3E0)) = 0xB;
-*(uint32_t *)P2V(APIC_BASE + 0x380)) = 0xFFFFFFFF;
-*(uint32_t *)P2V(APIC_BASE + 0x320)) = 1<<16;
+*(uint32_t *)P2V(APIC_BASE + 0x3E0) = 0xB;
+*(uint32_t *)P2V(APIC_BASE + 0x380) = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+*(uint32_t *)P2V(APIC_BASE + 0x320) = 1<<16;
 ```
 
 For the known interval, I'll use the legacy Programmable Interval Timer - PIT.
@@ -227,7 +228,7 @@ while(!(inb(0x61) & 0x20));
 
 Then finally, the remaining count is read from the APIC timer and the calibration factor is calculated. Note that this is not read from the same register as the initial count is written to:
 ```c
-uint32_t remaining = *(uint32_t *)P2V(APIC_BASE + 0x390));
+uint32_t remaining = *(uint32_t *)P2V(APIC_BASE + 0x390);
 ```
 
 ## A note about the Red Zone

documentation/7 - sse.md

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+# Using SSE
+
+Stream SIMD Extensions (SSD) is a set of processor instructions that help with floating point operations. They have been around for over 20 years, but are not enabled by default.
+
+The reason for this is that the SSE instructions make use of some special CPU registers, and the OS needs to be aware of this so they can be saved and restored at context switching.
+
+TODO: Three versions of SSE instructions and registers?
+
+## Preserving registers
+
+Saving and restoring the SSE registers is actually very easy, and there's even special instructions that does it:
+
+```asm
+.global sse_save
+sse_save:
+  fxsave [rdi]
+  ret
+
+.global sse_restore
+sse_restore:
+  fxrstor [rdi]
+  ret
+```
+
+Those functions will save or restore the SSE registers to or from the 512 byte buffer used as the first argument (passed in `rdi`).
+A good time to do this is to restore the registers right before switching to a new thread, and saving them right after:
+
+```c
+    process *next = scheduler_next();
+    ...
+    sse_restore(next->sse);
+    switch_stack(scheduler->stack_ptr, next->stack_ptr);
+    sse_save(next->sse);
+    ...
+```
+
+TODO: Can SSE usage be checked through exceptions?
+
+Now, before moving on to how to actually enable SSE, there's one pitfall to look out for.
+
+The memory location for storing the SSE registers MUST BE 16 BYTE ALLIGNED.
+This is easiest done by allocation 16 bytes extra, and adding an offset to the pointer:
+
+TODO: Make sure this is freed correctly!
+
+```c
+struct process *new_process() {
+    ...
+    void *sse = malloc(512+16);
+    new->sse = (void *) (((uintptr_t)sse + 0xF) & ~0xF);
+```
+
+## Enabling SSE
+
+Ok, so finally - enabling SSE.
+
+This is simply done by setting or unsetting four controll register bits.
+
+```asm
+sse_init:
+    mov rax, cr4
+    or rax, 1<<9 //; Enable Operating System FXSAVE/FXRSTOR Support bit (OSFXSR)
+    or rax, 1<<10 //; Enable Operating System Unmasked Exception Support bit (OSXMMEXCPT)
+    mov cr4, rax
+
+    mov rax, cr0
+    or rax, 1<<1 //; Enable Monitor Coprocessor bit (MP)
+    and rax, ~(1<<2) //; Disable Emulate Coprocessor bit (EM)
+    mov cr0, rax
+```
+
+And that's it.
+We can now use floating point math!
+
+TODO: Find out and explain what the flags actually do and why they are all needed.
+OSFXSR: Enable use of legacy SSE instructions and indicate that OS saves 64 and 128 bit registers on task switching
+OSXMMEXCPT: Indicate that floating point excetion (#XF) is handled by the OS
+
+MP: CHECK IF THIS IS REQUIRED HERE OR ALREADY SET
+EM: Should be set to 1 if processor supports x86 - check if this is set already
+
+CR0= 0x80000011
+EM already unset, MP not set
+CR4= 0x00000020
+
+CR0= 0x80000013
+CR4= 0x00000620

src/kernel/Link.ld

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ENTRY(_start)
 
 KERNEL_OFFSET = 0xFFFFFF8000000000;
-KERNEL_START = 0x10000;
+KERNEL_START = 0x100000;
 
 SECTIONS
 {
@@ -10,20 +10,20 @@ SECTIONS
     .text : AT(ADDR(.text) - KERNEL_OFFSET)
     {
         *(.multiboot)
-        *(.text)
+        *(.text*)
     }
     .rodata : AT(ADDR(.rodata) - KERNEL_OFFSET)
     {
         *(.rodata*)
     }
-    .data : AT(ADDR(.data) - KERNEL_OFFSET)
+    .data ALIGN(0x1000) : AT(ADDR(.data) - KERNEL_OFFSET)
     {
-        *(.data)
+        *(.data*)
     }
     .bss : AT(ADDR(.bss) - KERNEL_OFFSET)
     {
         *(.COMMON)
-        *(.bss)
+        *(.bss*)
     }
     kernel_end = .;
 }

src/kernel/boot/TEMP-test_scheduler.c

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <mittos/graphics.h>
 #include <memory.h>
 #include <cpu.h>
+#include <math.h>
 
 extern gfx_context *term_fb;
 extern gfx_context kernel_fb;
@@ -11,8 +12,10 @@ int *position = (void *)0x20000;
 
 void thread1() {
   int a = 1;
+  double prev = 0;
   gfx_context *ctx =
       framebuffer_make_subcontext(&kernel_fb, 700, 300, 100, 100);
+  __asm__("sti");
   while(1) {
     putCharacter(term_fb,
         *position, *position,
@@ -20,14 +23,19 @@ void thread1() {
         '0'+(a++%10)
     );
     int s = (current_cpu->timer_ticks/1000)%10;
+    double cur = (double)(current_cpu->timer_ticks/100);
     putCharacter(term_fb,
         0, 0,
         RGB(255,255,0), RGB(0,0,0),
         '0'+(s%10)
     );
     flip(term_fb);
-    draw_line(ctx, 0, 100, 50, ((a-1)%100), RGB(0,0,0));
-    draw_line(ctx, 0, 100, 50, (a%100), RGB(255,0,0));
+
+    double angle = cur/3.14*2;
+
+    draw_line(ctx, 50, 50 + (int)(50*cos(prev)), 50, 50 + (int)(50*sin(prev)), RGB(0,0,0));
+    draw_line(ctx, 50, 50 + (int)(50*cos(angle)), 50, 50 + (int)(50*sin(angle)), RGB(255,0,0));
+    prev = angle;
     flip(ctx);
     sched_yield();
   }
@@ -35,7 +43,17 @@ void thread1() {
 
 void thread2() {
   int a = 0;
+  gfx_context *ctx =
+      framebuffer_make_subcontext(&kernel_fb, 800, 400, 100, 100);
+  __asm__("sti");
   while(1) {
+    double pos = (double)(current_cpu->timer_ticks/100);
+    fill_rect(ctx, 0, 0, 100, 100, 0);
+    for(int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
+      putpixel(ctx, i/100, 50 + (int)(50.0*sin(pos + ((double)i)/1000.0)), RGB(0,0,255));
+      putpixel(ctx, i/100, 50 + (int)(50.0*cos(pos + ((double)i)/1000.0)), RGB(255,0,0));
+    }
+    flip(ctx);
     putCharacter(term_fb,
         *position, *position,
         RGB(0,255,255), RGB(0,0,0),

src/kernel/boot/kmain.c

@@ -41,8 +41,6 @@ void kmain(uint64_t multiboot_magic, void *multiboot_data) {
 
   cpu_init();
 
-  __asm__("sti");
-
   debug_info("Boot complete\n");
 
 
@@ -50,6 +48,7 @@ void kmain(uint64_t multiboot_magic, void *multiboot_data) {
   irq_unmask(IRQ_PS2_KBD);
   TEMP_test_scheduler();
 
+  __asm__("sti");
 
   start_scheduler();
 

src/kernel/cpu/cpu.c

@@ -27,4 +27,5 @@ void cpu_init() {
   apic_init();
   ioapic_init();
   timer_init();
+  sse_init();
 }

src/kernel/cpu/sse.S

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+.intel_syntax noprefix
+
+.global sse_init
+sse_init:
+  //; Enable bits 9 and 10 in cr4
+  //; 9: Enable SSE instructions
+  //; 10: Enable SSE exceptions
+  mov rax, cr4
+  or rax, 1<<9 | 1<<10
+  mov cr4, rax
+
+  //; Set bit 1 and unset bit 2 in cr0
+  //; 1: Coprocessor monitoring
+  //; 2: Coprocessor emulation
+  mov rax, cr0
+  or rax, 1<<1
+  and rax, ~(1<<2)
+  mov cr0, rax
+
+  ret
+
+.global sse_save
+sse_save:
+  fxsave [rdi]
+  ret
+
+.global sse_restore
+sse_restore:
+  fxrstor [rdi]
+  ret

src/kernel/cpu/timer.c

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ volatile int ctr = 0;
 registers *apic_timer_handler(registers *r) {
   current_cpu->timer_ticks++;
   irq_ack();
+  // k_sched_yield();
   return r;
 }
 

src/kernel/include/cpu.h

@@ -98,4 +98,9 @@ void irq_unmask(int irq);
 void ioapic_init();
 
 // cpu/timer.c
-void timer_init();
+void timer_init();
+
+// cpu/sse.S
+void sse_init();
+void sse_save(void *addr);
+void sse_restore(void *addr);

src/kernel/include/proc.h

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ struct process {
   uint64_t state;
   uint64_t P4;
   struct process *q_next;
+  void *sse;
   uint8_t stack[];
 };
 

src/kernel/memory/kbrk.c

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include <memory.h>
 #include <debug.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <string.h>
 
 static long _brk = KERNEL_BRK0;
 static long _mmap = KERNEL_MMAP;
@@ -33,14 +35,22 @@ long k_mmap(
 
   if(fd != -1)
     PANIC("Unknown mmap request\n");
-  long retval = _mmap;
-  while(length > 0) {
+  long pos = (flags & MAP_FIXED) ? addr : _mmap;
+  long retval = pos;
+  uint64_t p;
+  while(length >= 0) {
+    p = pmm_alloc();
     vmm_set_page(kernel_P4,
-        _mmap, pmm_alloc(),
+        pos, p,
         PAGE_GLOBAL | PAGE_WRITE | PAGE_PRESENT
     );
-    _mmap += PAGE_SIZE;
+    if(flags & MAP_ANONYMOUS) {
+      memset((void *)pos, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
+    }
+    pos += PAGE_SIZE;
     length -= PAGE_SIZE;
   }
+  if(!(flags & MAP_FIXED))
+    _mmap = pos;
   return retval;
 }

src/kernel/proc/process.c

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <proc.h>
 #include <memory.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
 
 struct swtch_stack {
   uint64_t RBP;
@@ -24,6 +25,10 @@ struct process *new_process(void (*function)(void)) {
   p->q_next = 0;
   p->P4 = new_P4();
 
+  // Storage for SSE registers must be 16 byte aligned
+  void *sse = malloc(512+15);
+  p->sse = (void *) (((uintptr_t)sse + 15) & ~0xF);
+
   struct swtch_stack *stck = p->stack_ptr;
   stck->RBP = (uint64_t)&stck->RBP2;
   stck->ret = (uint64_t)function;

src/kernel/proc/scheduler.c

@@ -32,8 +32,11 @@ void scheduler() {
 
     current_proc = new;
     write_cr3(new->P4);
+    sse_restore(current_proc->sse);
+
     switch_stack(&scheduler_proc->stack_ptr, &new->stack_ptr);
 
+    sse_save(current_proc->sse);
     scheduler_insert(current_proc);
     current_proc = 0;
   }

src/libmittos/Makefile

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ libmittos.a: $(OBJ)
 
 graphics/graphics.o: graphics/u_vga16.termfont.inc
 graphics/u_vga16.termfont.inc:
-	${BUILDROOT}/toolchain/build-uni_vga.sh
+	${BUILDROOT}/toolchain/ports/uni_vga/build.sh
 
 # Automatic dependency tracking
 DEP := $(OBJ:.o=.d)
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ $(OBJ): CPPFLAGS += $(DEPFLAGS)
 # Installation
 DESTDIR ?= $(BUILDROOT)/sysroot
 LIBDIR := $(DESTDIR)/usr/lib
-INCDIR := $(DESTDIR)/usr/include/mittos
+INCDIR := $(DESTDIR)/usr/include
 
 $(LIBDIR)/libmittos.a: libmittos.a
 	install -D $<  $@

src/libmittos/graphics/graphics.c

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <graphics.h>
+#include <mittos/graphics.h>
 
 #define incptr(p, n) ((void *)(((uintptr_t)(p)) + (n)))
 
@@ -27,23 +27,32 @@ void draw_line(
     uint64_t y0, uint64_t y1,
     uint32_t clr
 ) {
+  // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bresenham%27s_line_algorithm
+
   int64_t dx = x1 > x0 ? x1 - x0 : x0 - x1;
+  int sx = x0 < x1 ? 1 : -1;
   int64_t dy = y1 > y0 ? y1 - y0 : y0 - y1;
-  int sx = x1 > x0 ? 1 : -1;
-  int sy = y1 > y0 ? 1 : -1;
-  uint64_t x = x0, y = y0;
-  int64_t diff = dx - dy;
+  dy = -dy;
+  int sy = y0 < y1 ? 1 : -1;
+  int64_t err = dx + dy;
+
   uint32_t *fb = (uint32_t *)ctx->buffer;
   while(1) {
-    fb[PXL(ctx, x, y)] = clr;
-    if(x == x1 && y == y1) break;
+    if(0 < x0 && x0 < ctx->width &&
+        0 < y0 && y0 < ctx->height)
+      fb[PXL(ctx, x0, y0)] = clr;
+    if(x0 == x1 && y0 == y1) break;
 
-    if((2*diff) > -dy) {
-      diff -= dy;
-      x += sx;
-    } else {
-      diff += dx;
-      y += sy;
+    int64_t e2 = 2*err;
+    if(e2 >= dy) {
+      if(x0 == x1) break;
+      err += dy;
+      x0 += sx;
+    }
+    if(e2 <= dx) {
+      if(y0 == y1) break;
+      err += dx;
+      y0 += sy;
     }
   }
 }

src/libmittos/include/mittos/graphics.h

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 
 typedef struct {
   uint32_t width;

toolchain/build-toolchain.sh

@@ -58,7 +58,5 @@ mkdir gcc-build && cd gcc-build
 make all-gcc all-target-libgcc -j 4
 make install-gcc install-target-libgcc
 
-apk del build-base
-
 cd /
 rm -rf /opt

toolchain/cross-compiler/binutils/build.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+
+TARGET=x86_64-elf-mittos
+SYSROOT=/opt/sysroot
+
+binutils_version=binutils-2.38
+
+mkdir -p /opt/external && cd /opt/external
+[ -f "${binutils_version}.tar.gz" ] || wget "http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/${binutils_version}.tar.gz"
+[ -d "${binutils_version}" ] || tar -xf ${binutils_version}.tar.gz
+
+mkdir -p build-binutils && cd build-binutils
+
+
+if ! grep -q mittos ../${binutils_version}/config.sub; then
+    sed -i '/^case $os in$/a \\tmittos*) ;;' ../${binutils_version}/config.sub
+fi
+
+../${binutils_version}/configure \
+    --target=${TARGET} \
+    --with-sysroot=${SYSROOT} \
+    --disable-nls \
+    --disable-werror \
+    CC="x86_64-elf-gcc"
+
+# make
+# make install

toolchain/ports/cairo/build.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+
+TARGET=x86_64-elf
+SYSROOT=/opt/sysroot
+
+cairo_version=cairo-1.16.0
+
+mkdir -p /opt/external && cd /opt/external
+[ -f "${cairo_version}.tar.xz" ] || wget "https://www.cairographics.org/releases/${cairo_version}.tar.xz"
+[ -d "${cairo_version}" ] || tar -xf ${cairo_version}.tar.xz
+
+mkdir -p build-cairo && cd build-cairo
+rm -rf *
+../${cairo_version}/configure \
+    --target=${TARGET} \
+    --prefix=${SYSROOT}/usr \
+    --enable-xlib=no \
+    --enable-png=no \
+    --enable-script=no \
+    --enable-ps=no \
+    --enable-pdf=no \
+    --enable-svg=no \
+    --enable-interpreter=no \
+    --enable-shared=no \
+    --enable-gtk-doc-html=no \
+    CFLAGS="-DCAIRO_NO_MUTEX=1 -mcmodel=large -mno-red-zone -O0 -ggdb" \
+    PKG_CONFIG_PATH="${SYSROOT}/usr/lib/pkgconfig"
+
+make
+make install

toolchain/ports/pixman/build.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+
+TARGET=x86_64-elf
+SYSROOT=/opt/sysroot
+
+pixman_version=pixman-0.40.0
+
+mkdir -p /opt/external && cd /opt/external
+[ -f "${pixman_version}.tar.gz" ] || wget "https://www.cairographics.org/releases/${pixman_version}.tar.gz"
+[ -d "${pixman_version}" ] || tar -xf ${pixman_version}.tar.gz
+
+mkdir -p build-pixman && cd build-pixman
+../${pixman_version}/configure \
+    --target=${TARGET} \
+    --prefix=${SYSROOT}/usr \
+    --with-sysroot=${SYSROOT}\
+    CFLAGS="-mcmodel=large -mno-red-zone -O0 -ggdb"
+
+make
+make install